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Tools from Colonial Mexico

Tools are the father of all other antiques. Master paintings, the great statues, the finest pottery, the most decorative furniture, the most colorful tapestries -- all of these would have been nothing more than someone's momentary idea without the tools needed to create them. Every manmade object depends on the use of tools for its existence, and mankind's greatest creativity and intelligence is reserved for the creation of newer and better mousetraps to solve the production problems of the day. Tools were the first expression of human cognition. Tools, obviously, come in all shapes, sizes, and sorts. Each tool was designed for a different job and so the variety is endless.
Tools were made all over the world and they were made from just about anything... wood, steel, ivory, bone, cast iron, brass, etc, and they were, at least in the early days, designed to be beautiful things as well as functional ones.
Some tools are large, and others are small. Sometimes the size differentials are a matter of fitting the intended purpose, and other times miniaturists have taken a normal- sized tool and shrunk it down to a smaller scale both as a demonstration of their tool making ability.



Gun powder tester from the eighteenth century. The circular part shows numbers, meaning the gun powder was tested on a scale from 1 through 12, 1 being the weakest. The explosion cask has some animal shapes engraved. There’s a perforation made to hold the tool when the explosion took place.

The ability to design and use tools is one of the most important factors in human development. But, tools are not just a way to get things done -- they can also be beautifully made, and in some cases the design of a tool is so ingenious, so elegant, that the sheer demonstration of human creativity it embodies makes the tool immensely valuable. Studying the development of tools in human history is particularly fascinating, and understanding how and when a tool was developed creates a context for understanding other historical milestones. For example, the invention of a saw whose blade could be temporarily removed and then replaced lead to elegant (and possibly overdone) statements of fashion in the decorative scrollwork patterns popular in Victorian times.


Military bullet mold from the end of the eighteenth century. Used to manufacture round lead bullets for guns and muskets. It’s missing its original wood handles.


Colonial Mexico-Iron tools

The earliest Spanish explorers, including Cortés, were aware of iron ore deposits in the New World. Ironworking was the first craft to be regulated in New Spain when in 1524 price controls were legislated. In 1552 Gínes Vásquez de Mercado found the first major iron ore deposit in northern Mexico at Cerro de Mercado. Through the years other sources of iron were encountered, but they were not seriously developed until after Mexico's independence in 1821. This was partially the result of the Spanish Crown's restriction against the production of iron in New Spain, enacted in an effort to protect its own iron industry, and partially the result of the preference in Mexico for extracting valuable silver ore. Consequently, iron and steel were imported from Spain either in bulk form as sheets or in bars or as worked pieces. 1552 was sent by the governor of Nueva Galicia (now Jalisco) to conquer the Guadiana Valley, site of present-day Durango City (Tello 1653; Frejes 1839; Garcia 1895; Zubiria y Campa 1924). Del Mercado's expedition was also expected to check out a persistent rumor of a marvelous mountain with native gold and silver littering the surface. On reaching Durango, del Mercado's greed quickly turned to disgust when he discovered that the mountain was purely iron, and his troop headed home in shame. En route, del Mercado was grievously wounded in an Indian attack and died before reaching Guadalajara. Some historians maintain that his name is attached to the mountain in honor of his giving his life in search of greater riches and glory for the Spanish crown: others say it is attached in derision of his delusions of grandeur.

 

Tools from Colonial Mexico


"The art of blacksmith"

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